Plain-English guides to every kind of US mortgage

Menu

Immigrant home buyers

ITIN Mortgages: How to Buy a House With an ITIN in 2026

How an ITIN mortgage works in 2026: why FHA and most conventional loans are off the table, who lends, typical requirements, documents and scams to avoid.

A small stucco house with a tidy front yard and a family's bicycles leaning by the porch in warm evening light

Short answer

Yes, you can buy a house with an ITIN. An ITIN mortgage is a home loan for borrowers who file taxes with an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number instead of a Social Security number. Most come from community banks, credit unions, CDFIs and non-QM lenders, and they usually cost more than FHA or standard conventional loans.

Key takeaways

  • An ITIN is a nine-digit IRS tax number for people who must file federal taxes but cannot get a Social Security number; it does not authorize work or prove immigration status.
  • FHA loans are limited to US citizens, lawful permanent residents and citizens of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands and Palau for FHA case numbers assigned on or after May 25, 2025.
  • Fannie Mae accepts an SSN or an ITIN as the tax number, but every borrower must also meet its legal residency rules, so most ITIN-only buyers end up with portfolio or non-QM loans.
  • ITIN loans usually ask for a larger down payment, two years of tax returns and proof of steady income, and they often carry higher rates and fees than government-backed loans.
  • An unused ITIN expires on December 31 after three straight tax years without a federal return, so renew it before you apply.
  • Only a licensed attorney or a DOJ-accredited representative can give immigration legal advice; a notario publico cannot.

At a glance

Who it is for
Borrowers who file US taxes with an ITIN instead of an SSN
Government-backed options
Generally none for ITIN-only borrowers (FHA residency rules changed in 2025)
Who lends
Some community banks, credit unions, CDFIs and non-QM lenders
Down payment
Usually larger than FHA's 3.5%; set by each lender
Typical documents
ITIN letter, 2 years of tax returns, bank statements, ID, rent history
Cost
Rates and fees are usually higher than FHA or standard conventional loans
Biggest risk
Scams by notarios and fake 'loan helpers' who charge upfront fees
In this guide9

Yes, you can buy a home with an ITIN. An ITIN mortgage is a home loan for people who file US taxes with an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) instead of a Social Security number (SSN). These loans are real and legal, but they are not part of the big government programs. Most come from community banks, credit unions, community development lenders and non-QM lenders, and they usually cost more.

That matters because the rules changed in 2025. FHA loans now go only to US citizens, green card holders and citizens of three Pacific island nations. Fannie Mae accepts an ITIN as a tax number, but the borrower must also be lawfully present. So most ITIN-only buyers need a lender that keeps the loan on its own books or sells it to private investors.

This guide explains what an ITIN is, why the big programs say no, who still lends, what lenders usually ask for, how to build credit, and how to avoid scams. It is education, not legal advice. For any question about your immigration status, speak with an immigration attorney or a DOJ-accredited representative before you apply.

What is an ITIN?

An ITIN is a nine-digit tax processing number issued by the Internal Revenue Service. It is for people who need to file or be included on a federal tax return but are not eligible for a Social Security number. You apply with IRS Form W-7. The ITIN is used only for federal tax purposes.

The IRS ITIN page is clear about what an ITIN does not do. It does not authorize work in the US. It does not make you eligible for Social Security benefits or the Earned Income Tax Credit. It is also not an ID card outside the federal tax system.

Why your tax history matters to a lender

Lenders use your federal tax returns to confirm income. If you have filed every year with your ITIN, you already have the most important document an ITIN lender asks for. Gaps in filing are one of the most common reasons an ITIN application stalls.

Keep your ITIN active

An ITIN can expire. The IRS expiration FAQ says an ITIN expires on December 31 after the third tax year in a row without use on a federal return. Check your number well before you apply, because renewal takes time.

Why don’t FHA, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac loans work for most ITIN borrowers?

The short answer is residency rules, not the ITIN itself. FHA now accepts only citizens, lawful permanent residents and citizens of three Compact nations. Fannie Mae accepts an ITIN as the tax number but requires lawful residency. A buyer with an ITIN and no lawful status fails both tests.

FHA after May 25, 2025

HUD’s Mortgagee Letter 2025-09, dated March 26, 2025, removed the “non-permanent resident” category from FHA rules. It must be applied to FHA case numbers assigned on or after May 25, 2025. Eligible borrowers are now US citizens, lawful permanent residents, and citizens of the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau. HUD also says a Social Security card alone is not enough to prove immigration or work status. See our FHA loan guide for the rest of the program rules.

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

Fannie Mae’s Selling Guide B2-2-01 says each borrower needs a valid SSN or ITIN “in addition to” meeting legal residency rules. Its non-citizen section B2-2-02 covers lawful permanent and non-permanent residents, and the lender must warrant that the borrower is legally present. Freddie Mac has its own non-citizen rules in its Seller/Servicer Guide. In practice, few lenders offer conventional loans to ITIN borrowers, so ask directly.

ProgramAccepts an ITIN as the tax number?Residency ruleRealistic for ITIN-only buyers?
FHANot the main barrierCitizen, green card, or FAS/RMI/Palau citizen onlyGenerally no
Fannie Mae conventionalYes, SSN or ITINMust be lawfully presentOnly if lawfully present
Freddie Mac conventionalCheck with lenderOwn non-citizen rulesAsk the lender
VA and USDATied to service or “qualified alien” statusProgram-specificRarely
Portfolio and non-QM ITIN loansYesSet by the lenderMain option

Who offers ITIN home loans?

ITIN loans come from lenders that can keep loans on their own books or sell them to private investors. The main types are community banks, credit unions, Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) and non-QM lenders. Programs vary a lot, so compare several.

  • Community banks. Smaller local banks sometimes keep ITIN loans in their own portfolio, especially in areas with large immigrant communities.
  • Credit unions. Some credit unions serve members with ITINs and may offer first mortgages, often with homebuyer counseling.
  • CDFIs. These are mission-driven lenders certified by the US Treasury’s CDFI Fund. Some focus on borrowers that mainstream lenders do not serve.
  • Non-QM lenders. “Non-QM” means a loan outside the federal Qualified Mortgage rules. Many non-QM lenders have ITIN programs. Read our non-QM loans guide to see how these loans work.

What are typical ITIN mortgage requirements?

Each lender writes its own rules, but most ITIN programs look at the same things: a valid ITIN, two years of tax returns, steady income, a down payment from your own documented funds, and a credit history. Expect a larger down payment and higher rate than a government-backed loan.

What lenders look atWhat is typicalWhat to ask
Down paymentLarger than FHA’s 3.5%“What is your minimum down for my credit?”
CreditA score, or alternative credit such as rent and utilities“Do you accept nontraditional credit?”
IncomeTwo years of steady work or self-employment“How do you count cash or 1099 income?”
Tax returnsFiled with your ITIN for recent years“Do you need IRS transcripts?”
ReservesSome savings left after closing“How many months of payments?”
PropertyUsually a primary home“Do you allow 2-4 unit homes?”

Costs to expect

ITIN loans usually have higher interest rates and fees than FHA or standard conventional loans. Some are adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs), where the rate can change after a set period. Some carry a prepayment penalty. Get the Loan Estimate in writing and compare the APR, the points and any penalty.

What documents do you need for an ITIN loan?

Most ITIN lenders ask for the same core papers: your ITIN letter, recent federal tax returns, proof of income, bank statements, photo ID and proof of where your down payment came from. Gather them early, because missing pages slow approval.

  1. IRS ITIN assignment letter or renewal notice, showing your number is active.
  2. Federal tax returns for the last two years, with all schedules. Some lenders also want IRS transcripts.
  3. Proof of income: pay stubs and W-2s, or 1099s and a profit-and-loss statement if you are self-employed.
  4. Bank statements, often two months or more, for every account used for the down payment and reserves.
  5. Photo ID, such as a valid passport or consular ID; ask which IDs the lender accepts.
  6. Rent history, such as 12 months of canceled checks or a landlord letter.
  7. Gift letter, if family helps with the down payment, plus proof of the transfer.

How can you build credit with an ITIN?

You can build a credit history with an ITIN. Many banks and credit unions open accounts, secured credit cards and small loans with an ITIN. Pay every bill on time, keep balances low, and keep records of rent and utilities for lenders that accept alternative credit.

  • Secured credit card. You deposit money that becomes your credit line. On-time payments are reported to credit bureaus.
  • Credit-builder loan. Common at credit unions. You repay a small loan before you get the money.
  • Keep balances low. Using a small share of your limit generally helps your score.
  • Check your reports. Ask lenders and bureaus how to get your reports with an ITIN; the free official site is AnnualCreditReport.com.
  • Document alternative credit. Some lenders accept 12 months of rent, utility, phone or insurance payments when there is no score.

How do you avoid ITIN and notario scams?

Scammers target ITIN buyers with promises of guaranteed approval or “special” programs. Never pay large upfront fees, never sign blank forms, and never take immigration advice from a notario publico. Verify licenses and report fraud to the Federal Trade Commission.

What if someone in your household has a Social Security number?

A mixed-status household has more options. If a spouse, partner or adult child has an SSN and qualifies alone, that person may be able to use an FHA, conventional, VA or USDA loan, depending on their own status and eligibility. You may or may not be able to be on the loan.

There are trade-offs. If only one person is on the loan, only that person’s income and debts count, so the loan amount may be smaller. Ownership on the title is a separate legal decision; ask the lender and a real estate attorney what is allowed in your state. Our guide to mortgages for immigrants compares every program by status.

Steps to buy a house with an ITIN

The process looks like any home purchase, with extra preparation on tax filing, credit and lender shopping. Start six to twelve months ahead if you can. The goal is a clean tax history, a documented down payment and written offers from several lenders.

  1. Check your ITIN is active, and renew it with Form W-7 if needed.
  2. File every federal tax return and keep copies.
  3. Build credit with a secured card or credit-builder loan, and save rent and utility records.
  4. Save your down payment in a bank account so it can be traced.
  5. Talk to a HUD-approved housing counselor through HUD’s counselor search for budget and program help.
  6. Contact at least three lenders, including a credit union, a CDFI and a non-QM lender.
  7. Compare Loan Estimates line by line: rate, APR, points, prepayment penalty and ARM terms.
  8. Get preapproved, then shop for a home within your budget.
  9. Plan your next step, such as refinancing later if your status or credit changes.

Our mortgage requirements by loan type guide shows what each program asks for. If your status changes, for example to lawful permanent resident, re-check which programs open up to you.

For context, the national average 30-year fixed rate was 7.40% as of October 15, 2026 (Freddie Mac). FHA, VA and USDA rates are set by each lender and often differ.Source: Freddie Mac Primary Mortgage Market Survey, via FRED

Tools

Try it: Home affordability

Your numbers

Add every borrower's income before taxes. Self-employed income is usually a two-year average from tax returns.

Minimum payments on car loans, student loans, credit cards and personal loans. Not rent, utilities or groceries.

All the money you can put toward the purchase. The calculator sets aside 3% of the price for closing costs and uses the rest as your down payment.

Divide a recent tax bill by the home's value, or check your county assessor's website.

36% is a cautious budget. 43% matches FHA's manual guideline; many automated approvals go to 45% or 50%.

Rate defaults to the Freddie Mac weekly average (7.4%, as of Oct 15, 2026). Change it to your own quote.

Results

Maximum home price $382,834
Monthly housing budget
$2,954
Loan amount
$354,319
Down payment
$28,515
Down payment (% of price)
7.45%

In plain words

With $95,000 of yearly income and $450 of monthly debts, a 43% (common limit) debt-to-income limit leaves $2,954 a month for housing. That supports a home price of about $382,834, with $28,515 down (7.45%) and a loan of $354,319.

Runs in your browser. Nothing you enter is stored or sent.

Frequently asked questions

Can I buy a house with an ITIN instead of a Social Security number?

Yes. Some lenders make home loans to borrowers who file taxes with an ITIN. These loans are usually held by the lender or sold to private investors, not insured by FHA. Expect to show tax returns, steady income and a down payment.

How much do I need to put down for an ITIN loan?

It depends on the lender, but ITIN loans almost always need more than the 3.5% minimum on an FHA loan. Each lender sets its own minimum based on your credit, income and the property. Compare written Loan Estimates from at least three lenders.

Can I get an FHA loan with an ITIN?

Generally no. For FHA case numbers assigned on or after May 25, 2025, HUD limits FHA loans to US citizens, lawful permanent residents and citizens of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands and Palau. Most ITIN-only borrowers do not fall into those groups.

Does Fannie Mae accept ITIN borrowers?

Fannie Mae's Selling Guide accepts a valid SSN or ITIN as the tax number, but the borrower must also meet its legal residency requirements. A borrower who uses an ITIN but is a lawful non-permanent resident may qualify; a borrower without lawful status does not.

Can I build a credit score with an ITIN?

Yes, in many cases. Some banks and credit unions open credit cards, secured cards and small loans with an ITIN, and on-time payments can build a credit file. Rent, utility and phone payment records may also help with lenders that accept alternative credit.

Do ITIN numbers expire?

Yes. The IRS says an ITIN expires on December 31 after the third tax year in a row in which it was not used on a federal tax return. Renew it with Form W-7 before applying for a mortgage.

Can my spouse with a Social Security number apply instead?

Often, yes. If your spouse or another household member qualifies alone, that person may be able to use FHA or a conventional loan. Whether you can be added to title is a separate question to ask the lender and, for status questions, an immigration attorney.

Is it safe to pay someone to find me an ITIN loan?

Be very careful. Never pay large upfront fees for a promised approval, and never take immigration advice from a notario publico. Check that the lender or broker is licensed and report scams to the Federal Trade Commission.

Sources

We checked the facts in this guide against these sources. Rules and limits change, so confirm current figures with the program or your lender.

  1. Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN)Internal Revenue Service · as of October 2026
  2. ITIN expiration FAQsInternal Revenue Service · as of October 2026
  3. Mortgagee Letter 2025-09: Revisions to Residency RequirementsUS Department of Housing and Urban Development · as of October 2026
  4. Selling Guide B2-2-01, General Borrower Eligibility RequirementsFannie Mae · as of October 2026
  5. Selling Guide B2-2-02, Non-U.S. Citizen Borrower Eligibility RequirementsFannie Mae · as of October 2026
  6. What is a Qualified Mortgage?Consumer Financial Protection Bureau · as of October 2026
  7. Common ScamsUS Citizenship and Immigration Services · as of October 2026
  8. Recognition and Accreditation ProgramUS Department of Justice, Executive Office for Immigration Review · as of October 2026
  9. CDFI FundUS Department of the Treasury · as of October 2026

About the author

The Mortgage Guide Hub Editorial Team

The editorial team researches, writes and reviews every guide on The Mortgage Guide Hub, checking each rule and figure against official program sources.

Editorial policy · How we research · Corrections policy

Mortgage glossary

  • APRAnnual percentage rate: the yearly cost of a loan including interest and certain fees, so you can compare offers.
  • AmortizationPaying a loan down in equal monthly payments, where early payments are mostly interest and later ones mostly principal.
  • AppraisalA licensed appraiser's opinion of the home's market value, used by the lender to size the loan.
  • ARMAdjustable-rate mortgage: the rate is fixed for a set period, then changes with an index plus a margin, within caps.
  • Closing costsFees and prepaid items paid at closing, such as lender fees, title, recording, taxes and insurance.
  • Conforming loanA conventional loan at or below the FHFA loan limit that meets Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac rules.
  • Down payment assistance (DPA)Grants or second loans from states, cities or nonprofits that help pay a down payment or closing costs.
  • DTIDebt-to-income ratio: monthly debt payments divided by gross monthly income, shown as a percentage.
  • DSCRDebt service coverage ratio: a rental property's rent divided by its monthly housing payment.
  • EscrowAn account the servicer uses to collect and pay your property taxes and homeowners insurance.
  • FHA loanA mortgage insured by the Federal Housing Administration, allowing 3.5% down with a 580 credit score.
  • Funding feeA one-time VA loan charge that helps fund the program; some veterans are exempt.
  • ITINIndividual Taxpayer Identification Number from the IRS, for people who file taxes but cannot get a Social Security number.
  • Jumbo loanA loan above the conforming loan limit for its county, with stricter rules.
  • Loan EstimateA standard three-page form lenders must give within three business days of your application.
  • LTVLoan-to-value ratio: the loan amount divided by the home's value or price, whichever is lower.
  • MIPFHA mortgage insurance premium: an upfront charge plus an annual premium paid monthly.
  • Non-QM loanA mortgage outside the CFPB Qualified Mortgage rules, often using other income proof such as bank statements.
  • PITIPrincipal, interest, taxes and insurance: the main parts of a monthly housing payment.
  • PMIPrivate mortgage insurance on conventional loans with less than 20% down; it can be removed later.
  • PointsUpfront fees, each equal to 1% of the loan, paid to lower the interest rate.
  • Pre-approvalA lender's conditional review of your credit, income and assets, showing a likely loan amount.
  • ReservesSavings left after closing, counted in months of housing payments.
  • USDA loanA zero-down mortgage guaranteed by the US Department of Agriculture for eligible rural and suburban areas.
  • VA loanA mortgage guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs for eligible service members, veterans and surviving spouses.